Cell state · L2
EPI.skin_interfollicular_spinous.inflammatory
177 cells in the full atlas (not the displayed sample).
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Marker genes
ALDH1A1, CALML3, CARD18, CRABP2, IGFL4, KRT23, RBP1, S100A7, S100A8, SOSTDC1, TMEM45A
Annotation genes
ALDH1A1, CARD18, CRABP2, RBP1, S100A7
Annotation rationales
S100A7/A8 (psoriasin/calpgranulin) and CARD18 (caspase-1 inhibitor) show an inflammatory/innate response; CRABP2/RBP1/ALDH1A1 indicate retinoid handling that shapes spinous differentiation under stress. Expanded: this equips suprabasal layers to fight microbes while minimizing excessive cornification.
Functional implications
Provide antimicrobial/alarmin outputs and retinoid-coupled differentiation control during irritation/injury. Maintain barrier while limiting inflammation-driven scaling.
Marker and functional descriptions are atlas annotations. Explore gene expression, trait associations and regulatory elements in the interactive browsers; see the browser guide.