Cell state · L2
EC.venous.remodeling_stalk
1,326 cells in the full atlas (not the displayed sample).
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Marker genes
CCND1, COL13A1, COL4A2, CRIP1, EMP3, IGF2, IGFBP5, IL32, ITIH5, LGALS1, PODXL, RAB31
Annotation genes
CCND1, COL13A1, IGFBP5, LGALS1, PODXL
Annotation rationales
CCND1 signals cell-cycle entry; COL13A1/COL4A2/ITIH5 denote ECM synthesis; PODXL provides anti-adhesive surface for lumen patency; IGF2/IGFBP5 coordinate growth-factor signaling; LGALS1 contributes to ECM remodeling and immune modulation. This resembles a stalk-like angiogenic/remodeling state.
Functional implications
Venous remodeling stalk cells that proliferate and expand lumen structure, deposit new basement membrane, and reduce cell–cell friction to enable vessel elongation. They provide the structural and growth-factor backbone for venous remodeling, supporting angiogenesis and repair during tissue growth or post-injury adaptation.
Marker and functional descriptions are atlas annotations. Explore gene expression, trait associations and regulatory elements in the interactive browsers; see the browser guide.